Students work in small groups to identify and describe five major figures of the Roman Republic: Julius Caesar, Spartacus, Cicero, Cincinnatus, and the Gracchi brothers. Then, they evaluate Julius Caesar’s impact on history and give reasons for their opinions. Finally, they learn about Cincinnatus and make comparisons between him and George Washington.
Students read an overview introducing major figures of the Roman Republic and how their actions and character have been remembered over time. They view an image titled “The Death of Spartacus” and consider how some Romans became cultural icons. Students then respond to a word cloud prompt by naming contemporary people who might still be remembered 2,000 years from now.
Teacher MovesShare and briefly discuss student word cloud responses, asking why the named individuals might be remembered. Highlight that the Roman figures in this lesson are likely even more historically significant. Optionally reference modern portrayals such as the film and TV series Spartacus and Shakespeare’s plays Julius Caesar and Antony and Cleopatra. Divide students into small groups in preparation for the next scene.
In small groups, students research Julius Caesar, Spartacus, Cicero, the Gracchi brothers, and Cincinnatus. Using online sources, including biographical web pages such as Ancient Rome: Biography of Julius Caesar, they gather information about each person’s background and character, key actions, historical importance, and an image. Groups then create a report (e.g., discussion post, Prezi, timeline, presentation, or digital poster) and share it on the discussion wall. Finally, students review other groups’ presentations and discuss similarities and differences among the figures within their small groups.
Teacher MovesDecide whether each group will research all listed figures or be assigned one figure to present to the class. Monitor group research and product creation, ensuring students address background, actions, and significance for each figure and properly share their work. Use student responses to identify understandings and misconceptions, and to guide follow-up discussion.
Students focus on Julius Caesar and respond to a discussion prompt evaluating whether his impact on history was mainly positive, mainly negative, or both. In their posts, they explain their opinions by citing specific actions and their effects. After posting, students read classmates’ responses and reply to at least two with a question or a positive comment that engages with the writer’s reasoning.
Teacher MovesRemind students that other course materials, such as the experience “The End of the Roman Republic,” also address Caesar’s role and can inform their thinking. Encourage students to support their evaluations with concrete historical evidence and to engage respectfully and thoughtfully with peers’ posts.
Students are introduced to Cincinnatus and learn that many people have compared him to George Washington. They read Cincinnatus to understand why this comparison is made. Using a Venn diagram graphic organizer, students then compare and contrast Cincinnatus and George Washington, noting ways each man is unique and ways they are similar in terms of leadership, character, and use of power.
Teacher MovesUse the background material in the Teacher Pack on “Cincinnatus and George Washington” to support discussion of parallels between the two leaders. Guide students as they complete the Venn diagram, prompting them to ground similarities and differences in details from the reading and prior knowledge of Washington.
Students complete the exit quiz by answering all the questions.
Teacher MovesFacilitate the assessment and use student data to evaluate understanding, address misconceptions, and identify areas for growth.
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