The early Romans were familiar with Greek culture through interactions with Greek colonies. Rome adopted and expanded upon many aspects of Greek culture.

Religion and Mythology

Most Roman gods are borrowed from Greek mythology and given Latin names.

Government and Law

The Romans sent a delegation to Greek cities to learn about their laws and legislation, leading to the first important piece of Roman law—the Twelve Tables.

Architecture and Engineering

The Romans adopted and expanded upon Greek architecture. They used ancient Greek architectural styles while introducing new materials, such as concrete.

Language and Literature

Greek was the common language of Hellenistic Empire. The majority of the lands conquered by the Romans spoke Greek. Many educated Romans also spoke Greek, which became the second official language of the Roman Empire, alongside Latin. A strong Greek influence is evident in the works of Roman playwrights such as Plautus and Terence.

Education

Throughout the Roman Republic and the beginning of the Roman Empire, any citizen who wanted to obtain a high level of education would go to Greece to attend school.

Art

Roman artists adopted Greek artistic techniques, especially in sculpture.

Military

The Romans legions received military support from Spartan soldiers in their battles against the Parthian Empire. Julius Caesar and his general, Mark Antony, trained their legions using Spartan methods.

Source: How Did Greek Culture Influence the Development of Roman Civilization?
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