The Columbian Exchange


US History European Colonization The Columbian Exchange: Exploration and the Environment
Students learn about the Columbian Exchange, the many biological and cultural exchanges between the Old and New Worlds. They learn how Native American survival was directly dependent on the environment, then they read about the Columbian Exchange and its impact on life in both the Americas and Europe. Students then work in small groups to research specific resources that were part of the exchange and describe and evaluate the impact of each one.

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Here are the teacher pack items for The Columbian Exchange:

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Overview:

In this experience, students examine the origins and the impacts of the Columbian Exchange. First, students evaluate secondary sources to investigate how the Columbian Exchange originated and categorize what was exchanged between Europe and the Americas. Next, students discuss how the Columbian Exchange is an example of cultural diffusion. Then, they explain the positive and negative impacts the exchange had on the world. Finally, students are invited to explore the reasons why many Indigenous people died from diseases brought on by the Columbian Exchange, but the Europeans did not, leading to deeper discussions about the overall impact of the Columbian Exchange.

Estimated Duration: 45 - 60 minutes

Vocabulary Words and Definitions:

Columbian Exchange: The Columbian Exchange was the transfer of plants, animals, diseases, and ideas between Europe, Africa, and the Americas in the 1400s and 1500s.

cultural diffusion: Cultural diffusion is the spread of ideas, beliefs, and customs from one culture or group to another.

Objectives:

  • Describe the origins of the Columbian Exchange
  • Identify what was exchanged between Europe and the Americas on the Columbian Exchange
  • Explain the positive and negative impacts the Columbian Exchange had on the world


A line of dairy cows in metal stalls inside a barn. The closest cow, a black and white Holstein with visible yellow ear tags and small horns, looks directly at the camera. Other cows are visible behind it, out of focus.

Cows in a dairy barn


Did you know that there once was a time when cows did not exist in the Americas?

As you learned in the prior experience, in the 1400s and 1500s, European explorers began crossing the Atlantic Ocean in search of new trade routes, land, and opportunities. These voyages brought distant continents into contact with each other, setting off a chain of events that transformed cultures, economies, and environments around the world. In this experience, you’ll explore how exploration linked people across Europe, Africa, and the Americas and how those connections reshaped life in lasting and sometimes unexpected ways.


How would your life be different if people in the United States did not know that cows existed?

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How might the introduction of new plants, animals, and ideas through European Exploration have affected the people in both the Americas and Europe?

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