Europe: History and Its Influence: 17th to the 19th Centuries


World Cultures Europe Europe: History and Its Influence: 17th to the 19th Centuries
Students are introduced to the many changes of this era by considering the shift in thinking about a Sun-centric view of the universe. Then they explore three "revolutions" of this era—the Scientific Revolution, the Enlightenment and the French Revolution, and the Industrial Revolution. Finally, students write a paragraph that describes the revolutionary nature of these three eras and explains their influence on the lives of Europeans.

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Here are the teacher pack items for Europe: History and Its Influence: 17th to the 19th Centuries:

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Overview

Students examine major changes in Europe from the 1600s through the 1800s, beginning with the shift toward a Sun-centered understanding of the solar system. They then explore the Scientific Revolution, the Enlightenment and French Revolution, and the Industrial Revolution, focusing on how each challenged older ideas or systems. Finally, students compare two of these developments and explain how each changed life in Europe..

Objectives:

  • Identify key figures and features of the Scientific Revolution, the Enlightenment and French Revolution, and the Industrial Revolution
  • Describe the impact of the revolutions of the 1600s-1800s on European societies


Not every revolution begins on a battlefield. Sometimes a revolution is a major change in ideas, government, technology, or the way people organize society.

From the 1600s through the 1800s, Europe experienced several major changes. New ideas challenged traditional beliefs about government and individual rights. Political revolutions changed who held power. New machines and industries transformed work and cities. European trade and empire also connected these changes to other parts of the world.

In this experience, you will examine some of the major political, intellectual, and economic changes that reshaped Europe during this period. Some of the major changes you will study in this lesson began when people questioned accepted explanations and looked for new ways to understand the natural world. During the 1600s, new observations, tools, and scientific ideas changed how many Europeans understood Earth, the planets, and the universe.

Look closely at the image. Think about what people might need in order to change long-held ideas about how the universe works.

Objectives:

  • Identify key figures and features of the Scientific Revolution, the Enlightenment and French Revolution, and the Industrial Revolution
  • Describe the impact of the revolutions of the 1600s-1800s on European societies


planets

What can help people develop new scientific ideas? To list more than one answer, separate each word with a comma, like this: cat, dog.

Post your answer

Discuss the words students entered and look for patterns in their responses, such as observation, evidence, questions, experiments, mathematics, or technology.

Use the image to introduce the idea that scientific knowledge can change when people gather new evidence and develop new ways to explain what they observe. Explain that during the Scientific Revolution, new tools and methods helped European thinkers challenge older ideas about the universe.

Clarify that the image shows the solar system, with planets orbiting the Sun. This will help prepare students for the scientific changes they will study next.


For centuries, many European scholars accepted a model of the universe in which Earth stood at the center and the Sun and planets moved around it. During the Scientific Revolution, scholars increasingly challenged this and other long-held explanations by using observation, mathematics, experimentation, and new scientific tools.

These changes did not happen all at once, and European thinkers also built on knowledge developed by scholars from earlier societies and other parts of the world.

In this experience, you will explore several major changes in scientific, political, and economic thinking that took place in Europe from the 1600s through the 1800s.


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