North Africa: Government and Economy


World Cultures North Africa and the Middle East North Africa: Government and Economy
Students learn about the governments of Tunisia, Egypt, and Libya before and after the Arab Spring demonstrations in 2010-11. They interpret results of a survey of Arab youth comparing their situation today to that prior to the Arab Spring. They also reflect on the role of social media in protest movements.

This learning experience is designed for device-enabled classrooms. The teacher guides the lesson, and students use embedded resources, social media skills, and critical thinking skills to actively participate. To get access to a free version of the complete lesson, sign up for an exploros account.

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Here are the teacher pack items for North Africa: Government and Economy:

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Overview

In this experience, students examine how government and economic conditions contributed to the Arab Spring in North Africa, focusing on Tunisia, Egypt, and Libya and the different paths each country followed after the uprisings. They then explore major features of North African economies, including natural resources, trade, agriculture, manufacturing, services, and economic interdependence. Finally, students consider how social media influenced communication and organization during the Arab Spring.

Objectives:

  • Identify systems of government in North Africa
  • Explain the effects of the Arab Spring on the region’s governments
  • Explain how natural resources, trade, economic activities, and interdependence shape the economies of North Africa


The governments and economies of North Africa have changed significantly over time. Countries in the region have been shaped by long periods of empire, colonial rule, independence movements, economic development, and changing relationships between citizens and political leaders.

After gaining independence during the 1900s, North African countries developed different forms of government and faced different economic challenges. In some places, political power became concentrated in the hands of long-serving leaders. At the same time, many people experienced concerns about unemployment, rising costs, corruption, and limited opportunities to influence government decisions.

Beginning in late 2010, these pressures helped spark a wave of protests across North Africa and the Middle East. The movements became known as the Arab Spring. The protests did not unfold the same way in every country. In some places, leaders were removed from power. In others, political change was more limited or was followed by conflict and instability.

In this experience, you will examine Tunisia, Egypt, and Libya to explore how government, economic conditions, and citizen action became connected during the Arab Spring and how each country changed afterward.

Objectives:

  • Identify systems of government in North Africa
  • Explain the effects of the Arab Spring on the region’s governments
  • Explain how natural resources, trade, economic activities, and interdependence shape the economies of North Africa


A large crowd marches through a city street while waving Libyan flags during an anti-Qaddafi protest in Benghazi, Libya.

In one word, what might people be seeking when they join a protest like this? To list multiple words, separate them with a coma like this: cat, dog.

Post your answer

As the word cloud develops, ask students to look for the words that appear most often and consider why those ideas may be associated with protest. Draw attention to repeated concepts such as change, freedom, rights, justice, reform, opportunity, or representation.

Use the cloud as a starting point for the experience rather than as a list of correct answers. Explain that people join protests for different reasons, and those reasons can include political, economic, and social concerns.

Possible follow-up questions include:

  • Which words appear most often in the cloud?
  • Why might several different words describe what protesters are seeking?
  • Which words seem connected to government?
  • Which words seem connected to economic conditions?
  • How might two people join the same protest for different reasons?
  • As we study Tunisia, Egypt, and Libya, which ideas from this cloud do you predict will appear again?
  • Which words might change in importance once we learn more about what happened in each country?


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The Complete List of Learning Experiences in Southwest Asia and North Africa Unit.
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